How to make balloon animals is so easy, what you need is some balloons, a pump and a little bit of twisting techniques and you will be able to sculpture animal’s designs within minutes. There are so many types of balloon animals that you can make such as dog, bird, swan, teddy bear, monkey and so on. If you know how to twist some simple balloon animals, you will also be able to sculpture others designs like flower, ray gun, heart shape, and many more. For most people, balloon twisting seems like a very challenging art. The phobia of the squeaking & popping makes it impossible to master for some. But did you know that even 5-6 years old are able to do it? What about 60 -70? I believe with proper techniques, guidance & instructions you will twist balloon animal in no time.

I have a student, she is about 40+ and she’s really fear of balloon ( Globo phobia ), yet she sign up for the class. An hour later she manages to do a few twists & testify how impossible it seems at the beginning but later she overcome the fear & is proud of her achievement. I believe in overcoming the fear rather than avoiding it. Given a chance, I believe anyone can learn how to make balloon animals & be good at it. Here’s some of the thing you can turn the balloon into:

- An exciting piece of art with simple twist & turn.

- Make balloon animal that will brighten a child’s face.

- Use simple shape & colors for story telling or even object lesson.

- With ballooning skills you can create fond memories for special occasion such as birthday,

family day & church or community events.

- You can even be a volunteer to do fund raising for charities, In schools, daycare or

other organization.

- Also earn additional income working as part time balloonist.

- It can be also a form of physio-therapy for some as they need to move their fingers to twist & turn.

If you don’t know how to make balloon animals, don’t be disappointed because there are so much information on the internet that you can find such as books, photos, articles and videos. Among all of those balloons twisting information, videos guide is the easiest and fastest way to learn how to twist a balloon and others beautiful balloon designs. There are also classes that teach people on how to twist balloons. If you have the videos guide then it is not necessary one have to go through classes in order to learn balloon twisting, you can twist a balloon at the comfort of your own home after watching the videos. With videos, it is easy to twist (which 5-6 years old could follow). My encouragement to you is, give it a twist & you will enjoy as much as I do on how to make balloon animals, happy twisting.

The main job of public health educators is to promote healthy way of living as well as to instruct people regarding issues related to health like wellness and nutrition. There are many other things that these educators do. They give classes based on nutrition, parental care, food safety, family planning, and also about diseases that can be sexually transmitted. These professionals have to plan, implement and also evaluate education policies for determining the results of such programs. If you wish to take up a job in the public health sector, then you will have to complete a degree program associated to this particular subject area.

There are some jobs in this field that also call for a master’s degree. These individuals have to conduct episodic community health evaluation for determining that what all are the health issues, which needs to be addressed. This is not all; these people have to arrange for community groups as well as volunteers for addressing the health disparities and issues in the midst of diverse groups. Audiences for health education can vary from children to even the grown ups.

All the health education curriculum and study materials are actually written by the public health educators. Those who are employed in the corporate sector are also accountable for the wellness programs designed for the employees. These people also write grants for obtaining funds to execute the health education policies along with some other special programs. Those who possess any kind of advanced degree in this field can also teach in health education plan of colleges and can also take up research work at major universities.

Another option for these professionals is to start their own work as consultants, trainers and grant writers, who work for other agencies. Those educators, who have a long experience in this sector and also possess advanced degrees, can also take up the job of a supervisor. They can also become executive directors or education directors of other agencies. In the time to come there will be a growth in this sector and the role of such educators will also become important, as numerous reforms are being introduced in the sector of health care. For pursuing this career one has to complete a bachelor’s degree with public health education as a subject or some other subject, which is closely associated with this field. After this one can be entitled to take up an entry-level job.

When cutting crown molding with a compound miter saw the molding will sit flat on the saw table for these cuts. The angle at which you will set your bevel now depends on the spring angle of the crown molding you are using. The most common are 45 degrees and 38 degrees. An easy way to check is to take your framing square and use it as your wall and ceiling and place your molding in the square.

If the measurement from the corner along the ceiling and wall are the same then you have a 45 degree spring angle. If the measurements are different than it is not 45 degree and 99% of the time it is a 38 degree spring angle. While 45 and 38 are the most common, of those two 38 is the most common and is most likely what the spring angle is of the molding you are using. Always make test cuts when cutting crown molding to be sure.

For 90 degree corners with a 45 degree crown molding set your saw bevel left at 30 degrees and the miter angle (left or right) at 35.3 degrees. For 90 degree corners with a 52/38 degree crown molding set your saw bevel left at 33.9 degrees and the miter angle (left or right) at 31.6 degrees. These settings may already be marked for you on your compound miter saw.

The best place to get your crown molding is believe it or not is not at the local home center, but at you local lumber yard. I have found that the price per foot on moldings at the home center compared to the lumber yard can be double. I could not believe this at first but it is true compare for yourself. Besides just cost, the quality of stock is in most cases better at the lumber yard.

When you pick out you pieces of molding thoroughly inspect each piece for cracks, stains or excessive warping. A straight piece will be much easier to install. The only advantages to buying at the home center are that they will let you buy by the foot. At the lumber yard you will have to buy pre cut lengths like 8′, 12′ or 16′. Also the home centers have more convenient hours and are open on the weekends.

Lumber yards are typically open to 5:00pm on weekdays and 12 noon on Saturdays. Most lumber yards will have small samples of molding that you can have for free. Where ever you do decide to buy you molding from make sure if you need more of the same that you buy it at the place as before. Even molding that looks identical to the eye will have slight differences and your corners and splices will not line up.

Most widely pronounced “my ess cue el”, “my sequel”. MySQL is a leading open source relational database management system. It is largely SQL-compliant and runs on a wide variety of operating systems. MySQL is part of the popular LAMP server configuration, Linux Apache MySQL PHP/Perl/Python. Today, it is undoubtedly the most popular and widely used database management system for building database driven websites. It provides a solid backend foundation for millions of websites globally.

Any form of data you may have that requires storage, whether it’s a customer database or accounts records, is stored on a database. You will need a database management system to create, add, manipulate, and process data in your databases, and undoubtedly, MySQL is one of the best and most comprehensive DBMS (Database Management Systems) packages on the market today. It can also be used as a relational database management system, which means it can store data in various tables that can communicate with one another rather than all in one large ‘flat file” of data.

MySQL can be run as a server on your local pc or in a remote dedicated server. The mode of access for MySQL databases and MySQL functionalities is all dependent on the web hosting company used. This could be via a hostname or IP address of the MySQL database server. For complete and seamless management of your databases, most web hosting companies provide a client management platform for your to upload and configure your MySQL databases. The most popular and widely used MySQL client today is “phpmyadmin”. Using phpmyadmin allows you to input your various commands, most likely using scripts, to interact with your databases. These commands can be written on PHP programming scripts or within the database management client software.

When choosing a MySQL web hosting provider, you’ll want to consider some additional factors beyond the standard server uptime, backup/redundancy systems, bandwidth, email, and bandwidth concerns.

• Unlimited MySQL Databases:

If you are considering the services of a MySQL web hosting provider, you’re surely planning on making databases a significant part of your web-presence. You therefore need to find a MySQL hosting provider that offers you unlimited MySQL databases, with unlimited storage space. This will give you the freedom to scale up your operations and create more databases without any additional cost(s) on your part. A web host that promotes itself as a MySQL hosting provider must offer its clients with unlimited databases. You must always do your research and compare services and features of a good number of hosting companies before making a final decision.

• Database Client Management Interface:

It is no doubt that you’ll be working with your databases on a frequent basis, and therefore, you’ll want a MySQL hosting provider that’s designed a user friendly admin interface with MySQL user in mind. If you have various development staff involved in the design, building and maintenance of your databases, you’ll want to have the facility to be able to create multiple user I.D.’s to allow varying degrees of secure access to databases. Phpmyadmin is good administrative software to have for MySQL databases. A good and reputable web hosting company should as a default provide this tool as part of its MySQL database hosting service.

• CRON support:

You’ve spent a fair amount of time looking for a new web host for your websites, and you are comparing features, prices, and support options trying to find the best match for your needs. One vital thing that should crop up in your mind is something called cron jobs. What is exactly is CRON, and is it something you really need and should form the basis of your decision to go with a particular web host?

CRON is a scheduling daemon available on Linux and other UNIX operating system variants. A cron helps you to run specific scripts for regular, routine tasks to be run at periodic intervals. A MySQL hosting provider should allow you to set up and manage crons from your admin control panel. These scripts are also good for Preventive Maintenance routines.

I know this will probably not mean much to you, but don’t worry too much about it, as I’ll explain it better. Let’s assume that you own a website, and visitors to your website sign up for a periodic service you offer, but getting an email for each person that signs up is getting too daunting and a burden, and some are starting to slip through the cracks. Wouldn’t it be nice if there was a better way to get one notification a day with all the names and emails of those who have subscribed to the service?

CRON was invented as a result of this. Any web developer familiar with the workings of cron jobs could easily write and schedule a script to run once a day and email a list of all subscribers for that day. Executing a script or program at a scheduled time is the very reason cron exists. This takes away the mundane task of getting a notification for each subscriber.

Cron job settings by default are kept in a file called “crontab.” A simple editing of this file can allow cron jobs to be executed whenever you want. To the unfamiliar, the crontab file can be pretty confusing and intimidating sometimes. It is exactly for this reason that most web hosting providers only allow access to cron through an easy to use web interface. One vital thing to consider is to make sure that you choose a web host that provides this simple web interface for cron.

• PHP Information:

The most common script for MySQL databases is PHP. A MySQL hosting provider with PHP extensions enabled is likely to be more frustrating than useful to you. By checking into a prospective MySQL hosting provider’s PHP capabilities, you can ensure compatibility between your scripting language and your database management, thus saving yourself trouble and regrets in future. Poor decision made could ruin your web presence.

Finally, if MySQL database is the database of choice for all your websites; make sure that you get a host that specializes in MySQL hosting. This is vital for the overall stability and functioning of your web applications.

The Federal budget deficit is the greatest threat to the future of this country, more so than radical Islam. We must end business as usual in Washington. As a nation we must stop runaway spending – which is creating runaway debt. For every dollar our government spends 40 cents is now borrowed from China.

I believe all government bodies should be required to balance their budgets.

Government, at all levels, must be mandated to handle their budgets exactly like you and I handle our budgets. You can’t spend more than you make, or in the government’s case you can’t spend more than they take from the taxpayers. If Congress believes it’s necessary to spend more money than it takes in, for what ever the cause, then it should be required to raise taxes to pay for those expenditures and then be prepared to go home and defend those tax increases to the taxpayers of their district.

We must reduce the size of government, make that government more efficient, by elimination of corruption, duplication and waste, and bring government payrolls and benefits in line with the taxpayers. Remember this rule of thumb, for every dollar taxpayers send in to Washington only 50 cents comes out. There are 26 congressional committees that spend money. There are none devoted to saving money.

The sitting president, Democratic or Republican, should have the “line item veto” to control the runaway “pork barrel” spending of Congress.

The economy of the United States will only return to growth with the creation of private sector jobs. Big business must be encouraged to keep its manufacturing in the United States. Eliminate tax breaks for moving jobs overseas. Require imports to meet the same safety standards as US companies (remember the lead paint on Chinese toys). Encourage American companies to act in the long term best interest of America, not in the short term best interest of a few wall street stock traders.

Small business must be encouraged to grow by the elimination of unnecessary regulations, government mandates, and reduced taxes.

When is the last time you (or your children) read the US Constitution, or for that matter, the Declaration of Independence? With our national birthday just around the corner, thinking about the Constitution seems particularly relevant. It’s great to go watch a parade, but it is certainly worthwhile to take a little time and read our Constitution. If memory serves me correctly, I read it back in my college days for a class I took on constitutional law. Recently, however, I read a great book on my Kindle, called The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court by Jeffrey Toobin. The Nine frequently referenced the articles and amendments of the US Constitution. So, after finishing The Nine, I decided to reread the Declaration of Independence and The US Constitution. I came away with two surprises:

1. The Constitution is a surprisingly short document considering all that it represents – those framers were clearly a brilliant group.

2. Even with the formality of the language of the times, you can really sense the pent up anger in the Declaration of Independence.

The real question is, how much do you know about the Constitution? If you’re curious, take this quick quiz (answers are below):

1. How many Articles are there?
2. How many Amendments are there (last one was in 1992)?
3. What is Article 1 about?
4. What is Article 2 about?
5. What is Article 3 about?
6. How many Amendments are there in the Bill of Rights?
7. When was the Bill of Rights ratified?
8. Which Amendment abolished slavery?
9. Where would you find the famous quote, “WE hold these Truths to be self evident?
10. How many states were required to ratify the Constitution?
11. Bonus question: What is the Fifth Amendment about?

Some of the language in the Constitution seems crystal clear to me, other language seems cryptic. After reading through it (twice), it seems abundantly clear why the judiciary has so many perspectives of Constitutional right and wrong and the myriad of interpretational perspectives on the document. This document represents one of the most important, guiding principles of our everyday lives. When is the last time you or your children read the Declaration of Independence and The US Constitution? Answers to the quiz are below, if I made a layman’s error on these, I guess I’ll have to “plead the Fifth”. Feel free to send me comments, clarifications or corrections.

Answers:

1. (7)

2. (27)

3. (Legislative Branch)

4. (Executive Branch)

5. (Judicial Branch)

6. (10)

7. (1791)

8. (13th)

9. (Declaration of Independence)

10. (9)

11. (Shall not be compelled to be a witness against himself)

Often lenders are violating the rights of consumers in their attempts to collect a debt. Loan modification clients who are represented by a law firm are constantly being harassed at their jobs after requesting for lenders to stop making phone calls. The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act covers debt collectors that work for collection agencies however it does not cover your lender or anyone working for the original creditor who loaned you the money.

However, the loan modification client represented by a lawyer-based company has rights need to be protected too and it starts with documenting the behavior of lenders and reporting them when they have become abusive. These clients have already made attempts through a lawyer based loan modification company to resolve their debt with their respective lender.

It is important to understand that simple harassment does not qualify as abuse. A lender has the right to call and collect a debt. If a lender calls four times in one day and does not continue this pattern then even though it is harassment it still does not qualify as abuse. It’s time to analyze what qualifies as abusive and then provide several remedies to protect the loan modification client. The use of obscene and profane language and the threat of violence are unacceptable and abusive. If a creditor calls repeatedly and at unreasonable hours of the day then this is considered unreasonable and abusive.

According the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act before 8am and after 9pm is considered unreasonable hours to pursue the collection of a debt. If the creditor is consistently calling your job and harassing you then this is unreasonable and abusive. Remember your lender has a right to pursue the collection of a debt. It is the manner in which the lender proceeds in collecting the debt that needs to be addressed.

The first remedy is to request for the lender to not call you at certain hours of the day and to refrain from calling you at work. Second remedy is to write a letter to the lender and record each communication with the lender. The third remedy is to request for a lawyer at you loan modification company to write a standard letter on your behalf. This letter needs to be submitted to the Better Business Bureau, your lender as well as any federal agencies responsible for addressing these issues.

Loan modification client needs to request for the the Federal Trade Commission to send a complaint form or write them a letter. Loan modification clients may contact the Federal Trade Commission at 6th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20580 https://www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov. Please include the collection agency’s name and address, the name of the collector, the dates and times of the conversations, and the names of any witnesses. Also attach copies of all offending materials you received and a copy of any tape you made as well.

Clients need to send a copy of their complaint to the state agency that regulates collection agencies for the state where the agency is located. Loan modification clients may find the agency by calling for information in their state capital city. Finally, clients may send a copy to the original creditor and the collection agency.

The original creditor may be concerned about its own liability and they may offer to cancel the debt. The FTC may take steps to sanction the agency if it has other complaints on record so request for your loan modification company to send an email to clients doing business with your lender to follow the same procedures. The state agency may move more quickly to sue the collection agency or shut it down for flagrant violations.

The fourth remedy exist if the client has been subject to repeated abusive behavior, consider suing the lender as last resort. Please do not waste time if the behavior was annoying but nothing more. For example, if the collector called four times in one day but never again, you probably don’t have a case.

You can also represent yourself in small claims court, or hire a lawyer and go to regular court. The other side may have to pay the clients attorneys’ fees and court costs if the client wins. Clients are entitled to any actual losses — for example, your pain and suffering, or the amount you paid to switch to an unlisted number to avoid harassment — and an additional amount (unrelated to actual losses) up to $1,000.

If this is a outrageous cases — especially if the abuse inflicted on the client has been substantial and then have reports from therapists and doctors documenting your suffering. The loan modification client needs to consider hiring a lawyer to represent themselves at this point. It’s time for a call for action to protect the rights of loan modification clients.

Hey everyone my name is Don and I grew up in the Northeast, specifically Massachusetts. I was raised mostly by my Mother as I my Dad worked three jobs, as much to stay away from the house as to earn money. My Mother was a large dominating woman bringing up five boys and one girl. Three other siblings died shortly after birth. Mother always had a state child or two also in the home. We were extremely poor, living fifty feet from the local dump. Mother made everything from scratch and nothing that could be eaten ever went to waste. She raised us on organic food, from the large gardens we had at my Grandfather’s place. We may not have had a lot to eat but what we ate was healthy and Mom ruled the house and the neighborhood with an iron fist. She did not believe in sparing the rod.

We always had a concoction that we had to choke down that Mom said was good for us-there was no choice you choked it down. It must have worked, we were rarely sick. I would say she was the precursor of a health food expert. If we got sick (which was not very often) she would try every possible natural remedy in her bag of tricks before dragging her heels to the doctor as a last resort, even then, it was an alternative doctor. Of course as a kid, I resisted this and just wanted to eat pizza and ice cream (I eat none of that today-she would be proud of me)-as I got older, I started to understand her motivation. You see, for many years I watched in quiet confusion as my dad went back and forth to the doctor repeatedly to get the wax out of his ears, gum problems, digestive track issues, mole removals (dad died at 91 with Alzheimer’s disease). But what really always amazed me was that my Mother smoked and smoked a lot (it got her -at 83 she passed away due to a massive stroke). I am committed to healthy eating and consistent exercise while delaying the aging process (those are my two secrets to delaying the aging process.)

My complete recipe for a long happy healthy life is: twenty minutes of aerobic exercise five times a week, seven hours of sleep every night, Spiritual wellness, eat a low glycemic diet (as often as possible), and be part of a loving family.

Oops, I almost forgot to mention, take supplements, none of us get the adequate vitamins our individual bodies require (work with a lifestyle coach to determine perceived needs.) Remember medical doctors know little of supplementation but wellness coaches do, get your info where you can depend on it.

Good luck and stay well. Remember to smile every day, even if you are not happy, because your brain does not know how you feel. You are what you think! (a subject for another day.)

Be well and live a long and healthy life.

In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the joint gradually wears away. During the course of cartilage degeneration, there is inflammation and resultant stiffness and pain. Osteoarthritis may be caused by or aggravated by excess stress on the joint from deformity, repeated trauma, or excess weight. It most often affects middle-aged and older people.

A younger person who develops osteoarthritis may have an inherited form of the disease or may have experienced problems as a result of injury.

In rheumatoid arthritis, the joint becomes inflamed and cartilage may be destroyed as well. Arthritis not only affects joints, it can also affect supporting structures such as:

o muscles

o tendons

o ligaments

Rheumatoid arthritis often affects people at an earlier age than osteoarthritis.

Regardless of the type of arthritis causing knee symptoms, the end result is often the same. A person who has arthritis in the knee may experience pain, swelling, and a decrease in knee motion. A common symptom is morning stiffness that gets better as the person moves around. Sometimes the joint locks or clicks when the knee is bent and straightened, but these signs may occur in other knee disorders as well. The doctor may confirm the diagnosis by performing a physical examination and examining magnetic resonance (MR) scans, which reveal the inner architecture of the knee.

Most often arthritis in the knee is treated initially with pain-reducing medicines, such as analgesics and anti-inflammatory medicines.

Exercise is essential to restore joint movement and strengthen the knee. Losing excess weight can also help people with osteoarthritis.

Glucocorticoid injections are helpful when there is evidence of inflammation.

The normal knee joint produces synovial fluid, a thick slippery substance that nourishes cartilage and allows smooth gliding of the cartilage surfaces. With arthritis, the amount of synovial fluid made by the joint is reduced.

In instances when other therapies do not provide the desired relief, viscosupplements are sometimes used. These are gel-like substances (hyaluronates) that mimic the properties of naturally occurring joint fluid.

These hyaluronates actually supplement the viscous properties of synovial fluid. Injection of hyaluronates is done using either fluoroscopic or ultrasound needle guidance.

Currently, hyaluronate injections are approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in those who have failed to respond to more conservative therapy. The number of injections performed varies with the type of viscosupplement used. Usually 5 injections are required for the best response.

Currently, there are five FDA approved hyaluronates:

o Hyalgan

o Synvisc

o Euflexa

o Supartz

o Orthovisc

Sometimes, a physician will perform an arthroscopy before providing viscosupplement. Also, a special type of brace to help unload the narrowed part of the knee may be used to help the viscosupplement work better.

Use for other joints is being studied. Studies have shown effectiveness for the shoulder, hip, and ankle. We published a study a few years ago showing these viscosupplements are effective for osteoarthritis affecting the base of the thumb.

The Supreme Court on March 17, 2008 adopted, as modified, the reports and recommendations of Special Master Judge King. This landmark decision changes the prosecution of DWI cases in New Jersey forever. Subject to certain conditions, the Court holds that the Alcotest is scientifically reliable and that its results are admissible in drunk driving prosecutions. State v. Chun 194 NJ 54 3-17-08

The Supreme Court held:

1. There is sufficient credible evidence to support the continued use of a 2100 to 1 blood/breath alcohol ratio to estimate BAC from a breath sample. The overwhelming evidence demonstrates that use of this ratio tends to underestimate the actual BAC in the vast majority of persons whose breath is tested. Although there may be a small number of individuals who are disadvantaged by a device that uses the 2100 to 1 blood/breath ratio, there is sound scientific support for its continued utilization.

2. The four criteria used by the device to identify a valid breath sample are, with one modification, appropriate. The Court adopts the recommendation that the minimum breath volume requirement should be lowered, for women over sixty years of age only, from 1.5 liters to 1.2 liters and concludes that this modification does not violate equal protection rights. Regardless of minimum breath requirements, no test will be accepted by the machine until the infrared measurement plateaus, which only occurs when a suspect is expelling deep lung air.

Further, while selectively lowering the breath volume requirement will create a different level at which women over sixty may be charged with refusal, the record demonstrates that this group, and only this group, may not have the physiological capability of providing a larger sample. In pending prosecutions, and in future prosecutions based on tests conducted prior to the implementation of the Court’s directives, an Alcotest AIR with an insufficient volume error message may not be used as evidence of refusal against women over the age of sixty, unless they also provided another sample of at least 1.5 liters.

3. The Supreme Court declined to adopt the recommendation that a breath temperature sensor be added to the Alcotest, concluding that this device is both unnecessary and impractical. The record includes scant evidence of a correlation between breath temperature and increased breath alcohol concentration, and no evidence that the theoretical increase in breath alcohol concentration would translate into an inaccurately elevated BAC. Further, any potential effect is ameliorated by the 2100 to 1 blood/breath ratio and by use of truncated, rather than rounded, results, both of which serve to underestimate results. Requiring the addition of a breath temperature sensor would also present an unreasonable maintenance burden on New Jersey’s breath testing program.

4. A tolerance range of an absolute 0.01 percent (plus or minus 0.005 percent from the mean) BAC standard, coupled with the use of a like percentage range of tolerance expressed as five percent plus or minus deviation from the mean, is both scientifically appropriate and consistent with the intention of the Legislature in adopting per se limits. The device must therefore be reprogrammed to comply with this standard. In pending prosecutions, and in future prosecutions based on tests conducted prior to the implementation of the Court’s directives, in which the AIR reports a BAC obtained using a doubled tolerance range, the reported breath samples must be reviewed to determine whether the results meet this tolerance range. Any AIR that does not include two valid tests within tolerance under this standard cannot be deemed to be sufficiently scientifically reliable to be admissible and shall not be admitted into evidence as proof of a per se violation.

5. The Alcotest’s use of the fuel cell “drift” algorithm does not undermine its reliability. Scientific evidence demonstrates that fuel cells begin to age as soon as they are put into service, and will eventually cause the Alcotest’s electric chemical test to underestimate BAC. While there may be other means to compensate for this “drift,” those means would not, in the end, be any more advantageous to defendants than the minor upward adjustment that the algorithm effects. However, the Court adopts the Special Master’s recommendation that the devices be recalibrated

semi-annually instead of annually. A semi-annual calibration is consistent with the manufacturer’s recommendations and provides a useful safeguard by affording a more regular opportunity to evaluate and replace aging fuel cells

6. The Supreme Court concluded that the Alcotest’s “weighted averaging” algorithm is an appropriate calculation that results in a more accurate infrared measurement. It gives greater weight to the breath that, inevitably, includes the deepest air drawn from the lungs. It therefore focuses the analysis on the portion of the breath sample that most accurately represents the subject’s BAC

7. The buffer overflow error is a real error in the programming that may cause the Alcotest to report incorrect results in situations involving a third breath sample, which is taken only when the measurements from the first two tests are not in tolerance. The buffer overflow programming error, which must be corrected, affects only the final BAC result reported on the AIR. Because the infrared and electric chemical measurements for all of the test samples are accurately reported on the AIR, the correct BAC value can, and must, be computed from those measurements by applying a corrective formula. In pending prosecutions, and in future prosecutions based on tests conducted prior to the implementation of the Court’s directives, the State must review all AIRs that include three tests, perform the calculations to identify the correct BAC in accordance with the corrective formula, and provide that data to the court. The calculations must be made a part of the evidence in any prosecution to facilitate appellate review.

8. The Supreme Court found adequate support in the record that catastrophic error detection should be re-enabled in the Alcotest. This detection will allow the machine to recognize catastrophic errors and respond by shutting down. There is no basis for the Court to conclude that the lack of catastrophic error detection could result in an inaccurate AIR in any pending prosecution.

9. The Supreme Court found the overall programming style and design of the source code to be acceptable. The exhaustive review undertaken in this case revealed few actual errors or issues within the source code. There being no evidence in the record that any other asserted shortcomings are more than stylistic or theoretical challenges, the Court declines to require any specific programming standards at this time.

10. In future revisions to the Alcotest software, The Supreme Court ruled the State must: have the Alcotest software locked so that only the manufacturer can make revisions to the source code; have the software revised so that the Alcotest identifies and prints the software version that it is utilizing on each AIR; and give detailed notice consistent with due process to the public and the New Jersey State Bar Association of any future revisions.

11. The Supreme Court ruled Draeger must make Alcotest training, comparable to that provided to the State, available to licensed New Jersey attorneys and their experts at reasonable times and locations within New Jersey and at a reasonable cost.

12. The Supreme Court ruled the twelve foundational documents identified by the Special Master must be provided during discovery in all matters. The operator of the device shall be available to testify and shall produce evidence of his qualifications to operate the device. The following foundational documents, evidencing the good working order of the machine, shall be admitted into evidence in prosecutions based on Alcotest breath testing results: the most recent calibration report, including control tests, linearity tests, and the credentials of the coordinator who performed the calibration; the most recent new standard solution report prior to a defendant’s test; and the certificate of analysis of the 0.10 simulator solution used in a defendant’s control tests. These foundational documents are not “testimonial,” as defined by the United States Supreme Court in Crawford v. Washington and its progeny. In so holding, the Court aligns itself with the majority of other courts, which have found that such documents are business records, which do not implicate the Confrontation Clause.

13. The Supreme Court ruled the AIR itself, a “statement” of a machine, is not testimonial under Crawford because it does not implicate Crawford’s core concerns — it is not a report of a past event, given in response to police interrogation, with the purpose of establishing evidence that a defendant committed an offense. Although the AIR is not testimonial evidence, the Court nevertheless mandates various safeguards to protect a defendant’s due process rights: the opportunity to cross-examine the operator of the Alcotest, the routine production of all foundational documents in discovery, and the admission of the core foundational documents into evidence at trial.

The Court contemporaneously issued an Order vacating its January 10, 2006, stay of drunk driving prosecutions, appeals, and sentencing, which shall proceed in accordance with the directives set forth therein.

The full 130 page opinion will be available at